History of Palestine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm_aH6q02sc&feature=player_embedded#at=20

This is a 9 minute video about the History of Palestine told by some american and Jewish activists, writers and historians.

Week Five

This week’s readings are focused all on music and the love and passionate to the art. Many important names were mentioned, who years ago practiced and taught others about the love of music. And today, in Palestine, these people are still remembered especially Khalil Al-Sakakini’s Institute/ Center in Ramallah that still hosts musical festivals and artistic plays.

While reading this week’s articles, I found the most interesting part about “Sultana and Khalil” and their romantic love. Although I have been many time to Khalil Sakakini’s institute in Ramallah, but I never knew about the love story between Khalil and Sultana. Another interesting fact is that he was displaced from the Katamon, a Palestinian neighborhood that was taken by the Israelis in the 1948 war, and the interesting thing, is that my own grandfather’s house was also in the Katamon, where he bought it in 1945.

Another part of the article I found really interesting is Chapter 9, “Ishaq Shami and the Predicament of the Arab Jew in Palestine”, as it goes in describing the difference between the Jews who were at the “middle East location” at that time, including, Palestine, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. The article talks about how everyone was living peacefully with the ‘other’, up to a point where the idea of Zionism was moving inwards toward the Palestinian community at that time, and to the Ashkenazim Jews who were living in Palestine, under the British Mandate.

The other part of this week’s assignment is writing few questions to address to Dr. Tamari. Dr. Tamari has a PhD in sociology and for that I thought of a question about the sociological changes that happened and is taking place within the Palestinian society.

Q1- How do you view the sociological the main social changes in the Palestinian society in the last decade?

Q2- Do you think that the two state solution is still reliable with the presence of more than 400 thousand settler in the West Bank? Is the idea of two state solution is acceptable after the Israeli government decides to isolate the Palestinian villages who are mostly the holders of the Jerusalem IDs outside of the Jerusalem area?

Q3- How do you view as a sociologist the development in the Palestinian society, especially in the rural areas taking into consideration the settlements and area C? 

Ideas for Project

I have two ideas for a project. the first one is to do a presentation about the Palestinian-Israeli conflict starting from 1948 till our recent days from a Palestinian perspective, focusing on the situation in East Jerusalem today.
The other idea is to do a presentation about the possible solutions to the conflict.

No Justice -----> No Peace

I believe the hardest thing in the whole conflict beside the grief is finding solutions. A solution that will give the Palestinians their freedom, justice, equality and sovereignty, and safety to the Israelis. The possible solutions for the Arab-Israeli conflict is first and for most a solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The solutions and obstacles available from a Palestinian and humanitarian point of view are as follows:

1)      One – State solution:  meaning everyone regardless their religion, color, nationality or background will live in one democratic country. A country that each person is represented equally and gets the full rights as human beings and citizens of Palestine/Israel. Simply think of it as The United States of America, where there are two major parties, Democratic and Republicans, although they will never reach an agreement, but they live peacefully side by side together as one nation.
Obstacles: One state solution means no state to be established over the land that belongs to one religion or nationality, something that the Israeli side will never accept due to the belief of making a Jewish Homeland.
Comments: there is no country in the world that is exclusive for one religion, why should we as human beings support an idea that will bring more sensitivity and conflict among different religions.

2)      Two – State Solution: according to the UN resolutions 292 and 194 that states, a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders ( including West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem as capital), with the full right of return to the Palestinian refugees that compromise the majority of the Palestinian population. An Israeli state within the 1948 borders with West Jerusalem as its capital. The Christian and Muslim holy sites under the Palestinian state control and the Jewish holy sites under the Israeli control. Refugees according to human rights organization, international law, refugees are protected and they should be given their full right of return to their land and paid for their losses. And freedom to political prisoners by Israel.
Obstacles: the only apartheid wall in modern history is erupted on the most fertile lands of the occupied Palestinian territories. More than 200 Israeli checkpoints are located between and within the Palestinian cities. Restrictions of movements of goods and people from outside the “Palestinian State”. The holy city of Jerusalem is being ethnically cleansed by the Israeli occupation forces, destroying more houses and properties that belong to Palestinians and building new settlement units to host Jews from around the world. Israel says that the “future Palestinian State” should be unarmed and its borders to be watched by International third party. Can a Palestinian economy succeed without having control over the borders of a possible state? Would the Palestinian state have its own currency or use the currency of the Israeli state? Israel refuses the so called “division” of Jerusalem, as well as refuses the Full Right of Return to the cities they were evacuated from 63 years ago under the threat of force and killing. Israel claims that Palestinian refugees should only return to the Palestinian State and not to the cities that have been annexed and cleansed in 1948 inside Israel. Another claim is that there is no space to let the 7+ million refugees to return to the land.
Comments: Palestinian might negotiate the borders, east Jerusalem, prisoners, etc but will never negotiate the Right of Return, as it is the bottom line for any peace treaty between the Palestinians and the Israelis. What will happen to those Palestinians who live in East Jerusalem that have been forced to leave their houses, and some forced to destroy them by their own hands? What should happen to them? Who will pay them back the humiliation that they passed through? Who will stand for their rights, beside the 500 shekels ($130) and a tent from the Red Cross? If a peace treaty happens and Palestinians get back a state of their own, why should an international foreign party control its borders? Why a state should ever be unarmed, beside the Vatican for its religious control? If a state is to be unarmed, it should be Israel or the Jewish Homeland, since it is going to be based on religion. Israel claims there is no land space for possible return of refugees, well the Israeli population lives on less than 40% of the land of Israel, meaning that 60% is unpopulated. Can a possible sovereign country or state be divided into two pieces? The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, how should the land be connected? What will happen to 1.5+ million Palestinians living inside the “Jewish Homeland”? Aren’t they part of the Palestinian population?

3)      If none of these are going to happen, if no side is accepting the idea of negotiating, if this long lasting occupation and oppression in modern history continues, if the eruption of the wall of hate is still in sight, if 7000+ prisoners are still jailed violating all prisoner rights conventions, if the violence continues, if the feel of unsafe will dominate, then what is the other option? What will people do? To what ways they will direct their anger and madness? VIOLENCE, WAR, KILLING and the cycle continues.

A current movement of non-violence is growing in Palestine and within the international solidarity groups, which is the BDS campaign. Some you guys might never heard of it, briefly it is to Boycott, Divest and put Sanctions on Israel until it meets the international laws, UN resolutions and stop violating human rights. It is basically to boycott supporting an Israeli company, especially if this company is located within the occupied Palestinian lands, in the settlements. It worked before in South Africa in 1985, in Montgomery, Alabama in 1995, in Delano, California in 1965, it will work in Palestine. This campaign asks any organization, country or nation to boycott and divest from companies that support the Israeli military oppression, colonization and occupation to Palestine. http://www.bdsmovement.net

These are the possible options available for the Palestinian side, the Israeli and the International community. Every possibility have its own obstacles, but if one as a human being, putting everything aside for a minute and stand for human rights, human dignity and human freedom can look at the possible solutions, we can reach to a point where justice, equality and peace will in. Usually the oppressed population calls for freedom, equality and justice and anything that gives them the privilege to live in peaceful and safety environment, given back their rights as human beings, will satisfy them.

I will leave you with few words to think off: Equality, Freedom, Peace, Safety, Oppression, Apartheid, Ethnical Cleansing, Destruction, Violence, and Human Rights. Think of what these words brings to you. Think of them as a human beings who will one day stand up for humanity, to save the children of the future, to give hope, to deliver peace. 

What possible peace could ever happen when the reality on the ground is as complicated as the picture to the side?! Can a reliable Palestinian State could ever take place when land is daily taken? Can a sovereign Palestinian State be established one day with what is left for the Palestinians to live in? 

Chapter 14-18

Here we are reading and summarizing the last few chapters in Armstrong’s book. It is clear that the history of Jerusalem since thousands of years was full with conflicts, struggles, fighting, power ruling, destruction, etc. The history of the land that contains the three monotheistic religions is so complicated and intense. The last few chapters talk about the recent history of Jerusalem, since it was ruled by the Islamic law, to the Zionist movement into Palestine in late 1890, to the establishment of today’s Israel. It is interesting for those who are not familiar with the Israeli-Palestinian roots of the conflict, to learn how the British mandate and occupation to Palestine promised the Arabs their independence, but suddenly make a generous offer to the Jews around the globe to take the land of Palestine and establish a Jewish homeland in. In the chapter entitled “Israel” it goes into some of the details behind the establishment of the world’s biggest catastrophe or in Arabic the Nakba, and the establishment of today’s Israel. One point I wanted to mention is regarding the comment on the picture of Hajj Amin al-Hussieni, who was the grand Mufti of Jerusalem at that time, the picture says how he was “close in relationship” to Hitler. It is important to take into consideration, that at the time Hitler was a leader, although he was racist and Nazi, but he was a powerful leader that many other leaders have somehow connections to. What I disliked about the comment is that it mentioned how Hajj Amin al-Hussieni “might be discredited” due to his relation or overtures to Hitler, and it was not mentioned why he should be credited for all his positive and good things he did to the Palestinians and Arabs at that time. From here we can see how the wording of the words, and the way a book is written might affect the credibility or reputation of a person or a nation.

Throughout my reading to Armstrong’s book, I learned to critic what is mentioned more than support it, as when one critics and questions about things in any book, one learns more and better, and develop a greater and wider image of the topic. It also helps me when I read other’s blogs to see what questions they drew from their readings, rather whether they agree or disagree with the issue. 

Chapters 11-13

A new era of the history of Jerusalem started with the start and spread of Islam throughout the city and the region. Bayt Al-Maqdes is the other name for Jerusalem, or Al-Quds. In these chapters, it talks about the Islam religion and the pilgrimage that was done and the fights that happened to conquer some of the areas to be under the Islamic rule. Since I was born and raised within an Islamic society, I do know most of this information, about when Umar wanted to pray and refused to do so in any of the Christian or Jewish holy sites, concerned that later on, Muslims might convert these places into a Muslim holy place. Regarding the Jizyah or the tax that non-Muslims used to pay, although I do not support the idea of making the homeowners pay money to stay protected at their places, but since a new power took place, usually this is a common thing to happen for minorities, throughout history. One thing regarding the dhimmi or the minorities under the Islamic rule and control of Jerusalem and the surrounding areas that in my personal opinion should not happen, that they had to give up all means of self defense, could not bear arms, and the ‘humiliating legislations’ like minorities were not allowed to build without permissions, they had to bow when they presented the jizyah, were forbidden to ride horseback, and had to wear distinctive clothing, all these rules do not help in a peaceful living within the surroundings. As stated in the book, the system provided religion freedom but not equality or justice. Problems rose between and within the Muslims after the death of Muawyah, and there were many rebellions between the Omayyads and the Yazid. Jerusalem, or Bayt Al-Maqdis became an important city for Muslims as it was for Jews and Christians before, making Jerusalem the only city probably in the region or the lobe were the three monotheistic religions share a belief towards.

Although the city of Jerusalem contained within its boundaries the three religions, but problems stayed between Christians, Jews and Muslims, each believing that their belief is the most righteous one. One very interesting point mentioned in the book is about the Holy Fire in the Anastasis on the evening before Easter Sunday, where people till today gathers to wait for this flame to appear out of nowhere, something that is really interesting to witness and see, as I was within the people who goes to the church there before Easter and wait for the Holy Fire, whether true or false, no one can ever know I guess. The so called Christian Crusaders entered the holy city and a new period of history starts. I said the so called crusaders, because I personally do not agree with the term Crusaders, people from different region invading another in the name of the Christ and the Cross. It is like when Bin Laden declared the war on the States in the name of Islamic religion, something that many Muslims do not accept or respect. History repeats itself, now the crusaders when they took power over Jerusalem banned Muslims and Jews from the holy city. Here comes the injustice where people from outside the region come declaring war on the inhabitants and deny them their freedom of religion and movement, something that we are witnessing in our recent day in Jerusalem and the surrounding areas. Destruction comes back to the holy city. 

Suad Amiry - Worth watching

Funny and inspiring speech by the Palestinian author of "Sharon and My Mother in Law", Suad Amiry


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3r2DPCzgx68&feature=player_embedded#at=185